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Bitola
Bitola ((マケドニア語:Битола) known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba, Nidže and Kajmakčalan mountain ranges, north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing with Greece. It is an important junction connecting the south of the Adriatic Sea with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe. It has been known since the Ottoman period as "the city of the consuls", since many European countries have consulates in Bitola. According to the 2002 census, Bitola is the second largest city in the country.〔(Macedonian census, language and religion )〕 Bitola is also the seat of the Bitola Municipality. Bitola is one of the oldest cities on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. It was founded as Heraclea Lyncestis in the middle of the 4th century BC by Philip II of Macedon. During the Ottoman rule the city was the last capital of Ottoman Rumelia.
==Etymology==
According to Adrian Room, the name ''Bitola'' is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word (''obitěĺь'', meaning "monastery, cloister") as the city was formerly noted for its monastery. When the meaning of the name was no longer understood, it lost its prefix "o-". The name ''Bitola'' is mentioned in the Bitola inscription, related to the old city fortress built in 1015. Modern Slavic variants include the Macedonian ''Bitola'' (Битола), the Serbian ''Bitolj'' (Битољ) and Bulgarian ''Bitolya'' (Битоля). In Byzantine times, the name was Hellenized to ''Voutélion'' (Βουτέλιον) or ''Vitólia'' (Βιτώλια), hence the names ''Butella'' used by William of Tyre and ''Butili'' by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi. The Aromanian name is ''Bituli''.
The Greek name for the city (''Monastíri'', Μοναστήρι), also meaning "monastery", is a calque of the Slavic name. The Turkish name ''Manastır'' () is derived from the Greek name, like the Albanian name (''Manastir'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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